Hoʻopuka nā keʻena tanning (nā moena lā) i ka radiation ultraviolet (UV), ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o UVA (315–400 nm), a ma kahi liʻiliʻi o UVB (280–315 nm). ʻOiai aia ka nui kaulike o nā ʻano radiation ʻelua i ka lā kūlohelohe, hoʻopuka pinepine nā lako tanning i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o UVA, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena olaola like ʻole ma ka ʻili a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa. Nānā kēia ʻatikala i nā hopena lapaʻau a me nā hopena dermatological o ka hōʻike ʻana o UVA a me UVB mai nā keʻena tanning.
1. UVA vs. UVB: Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi
| ʻAno | UVA (Nalu lōʻihi) | UVB (Nalu pōkole) |
|---|---|---|
| Ka Hohonu o ke Komo ʻana | Hohonu (dermis) | ʻO ka ʻili honua (epidermis) |
| Ka hopena o ka ʻili ʻana | Hoʻopau koke (oxidative) | Hoʻopaneʻe ʻia (hoʻoulu ʻana i ka melanin) |
| Hana ʻana o ka Wikamina D | Ka liʻiliʻi loa a ʻaʻohe | Kumu mua |
| ʻAno hana hōʻino DNA | ʻAʻole pololei (hanauna ROS) | Pololei (nā dimers thymine) |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai | Ua pili pū me ka melanoma | Ua pili pū me ka squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) |
| Ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pale ʻana | Ikaika (ʻōnaehana) | Kaulike (kūloko) |
2. Nā hopena lapaʻau o ka UVA i nā mīkini tanning
A. Ka ʻelemakule ʻili (photoaging):
Hoʻokomo hohonu ka UVA i loko o ka dermis, e uhaʻi ana i ke collagen a me ka elastin ma o nā reactive oxygen species (ROS).
ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi aku i nā wrinkles, ka ʻili ʻili a me ka elastosis solar (ka ʻelemakule mua).
B. Ka Hoʻopau ʻana i ka Palekana:
Hoʻololi ka UVA i ka hana o nā pūnaewele Langerhans, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pale ʻana o ka ʻili.
Hoʻonui kēia i ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻili (e like me HPV a me herpes) a hoʻonāwaliwali paha i ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau pale.
C. Ka pilikia o ka Melanoma
Hoʻokomo ka UVA i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka DNA oxidative, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka melanoma malignant (ke ʻano make loa o ka maʻi ʻili).
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi he 59% kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā moena tanning i ka ulu ʻana o ka melanoma (JAMA Dermatology, 2014).
D. ʻAʻohe hana nui o ka wikamina D
ʻAʻole e like me ka UVB, ʻaʻole hoʻololi ka UVA i ka 7-dehydrocholesterol i ka huaora D₃, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole kūpono nā moena tanning no ka hana ʻana i ka huaora D.
3. Nā hopena lapaʻau o ka UVB i nā mīkini ʻili ʻili
A. Ka ʻā ʻana o ka lā a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka DNA
Hoʻokumu ʻo UVB i nā hoʻololi DNA pololei (thymine dimers), kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) a me ka basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
ʻO nā moena tanning me UVB e kōkua i ka erythema (sunburn).
B. Hana ʻana o ka Vitamin D (i kaupalena ʻia i nā moena tanning)
ʻOiai he mea pono ka UVB no ka hana ʻana o ka wikamina D₃, hoʻemi ka hapa nui o nā mīkini ʻili ʻili i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka UVB e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ke kuni ʻana, kahi e hoʻolilo ai iā lākou i mea kūpono ʻole no kēia kumu.
C. Ka Hoʻopau ʻana i ka Palekana Kūloko
Hoʻemi ka UVB i ka helu o nā pūnaewele hōʻike antigen i loko o ka ʻili, akā hoʻemi i ka immunosuppression systemic ma mua o ka UVA.
Pehea e hana ai me ka pōʻino UV:
E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani maka palekana.
E hoʻohana i ka sunscreen me ka palekana UVA/UVB.
E koho i nā lako hana haʻahaʻa-radiation.